Online and offline UUIDs
With online-mode=true, the default, the server asks Mojang who you are and uses your account's UUID. It never changes, even if you rename your account.
With online-mode=false, the server skips that check and makes a UUID from the text OfflinePlayer: plus the name, hashed with MD5. Anyone typing the same name gets the same UUID, which is why offline servers are easy to impersonate players on.
When you need this
- Moving a world from an offline server to an online one: rename each player's file in
world/playerdatafrom the offline UUID to their real one, or their inventories vanish. - Filling in whitelist.json or ops.json by hand for an offline server.
- Finding a player's data file when you only know the name.
These UUIDs only work on offline-mode servers. For a normal server, use the whitelist add and op commands so the server looks up the real UUID.